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Jenni Field
Mark Vogel


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Cooking Smoke Point Versus Flash Point

February 23rd, 2010 by RG in Food & Cooking

Dazed and Confused:  Smoke Point Versus Flash Point

A couple of days ago, I received a question from Carla regarding cooking oils.  There are tons of oils out there that are suitable for cooking, but it can be very confusing.  I have certainly been confused, and Carla is, so I figured that there would be other people out there equally confused.  Here is Carla’s question:

I am so confused!  I have checked several sites about “flash points” of oil and everyone of them is different!  I want to use the best for pan searing. I know you recommend canola but I don’t have an oven ready cast iron pan so think perhaps another oil that retains more heat is better? (Again, dazed and confused).  Also, what heat do you keep the burner on ~ high?

If any of this sounds familiar, read on.

Generally speaking, the temperature that we are most concerned with when it comes to using oils to transfer heat to our food is the smoke point.  We’ve all been there - our oil is heating merrily in the pan, and then all of a sudden, wisps of smoke begin rising from it and it starts to smell funny.  Meet the smoke point of your oil.

Once the oil reaches the smoke point, it signals that the oil is chemically breaking down.  More important for us cooks, that nasty smell translates into off flavors in our food.  If you have reached the smoke point, it’s time to concede defeat, get rid of that oil and start again.

There is a problem, though.  It’s all well and good to know what it means to reach the smoke point, but we also have to know what that temperature is so we can keep the oil from reaching it.

Fortunately for us, many helpful scientists have determined the smoke point for almost every oil known to man.  Let’s all take a moment to thank the scientists.  “Thank You Scientists”

Low Smoke Point Oils

Unrefined oils, such as flax seed oil, walnut oil and sesame oil have very low smoke points - between 225°F and 350°F.  Since these smoke points can easily be reached and exceeded even on medium heat, especially when used in small amounts, unrefined oils are usually used for flavoring a dish or a dressing instead of as a cooking medium.

Medium Smoke Point Oils

In the middle of the spectrum, oils such as grape seed oil, olive oil (not extra virgin) and peanut oil have smoke points between 375°F and 450°F.   These oils can be dependably used for sautéing, pan frying and even deep frying.  I especially like peanut oil for deep frying.

High Smoke Point Oils

If you are looking for oils with very high smoke points, you can’t go wrong with refined canola oil or ghee (or clarified butter) with smoke points between 470°F and 485°F.

Which One Should I Cook With?

(more…)


I Hate Fake Food

February 20th, 2010 by Mark Vogel in Food & Cooking

The Real Deal

fake sugarThe other day I had lunch at a garden variety chain restaurant and ordered a cup of tea.  The server delivered it with milk and the customary sugar container.  As I spied the sugar holder I noticed it was stuffed with all the different colored packets of saccharine chemicals otherwise known as “artificial sweeteners.”

There, amongst all the kaleidoscopic counterfeits were two lone packets of real sugar.  With chemical dispenser in hand, I hailed the waiter.  As he approached he asked:  “Need some more Sweet & Low?”  “No,” I sharply retorted, “I need some real sugar!”   Five to be exact for my tea.  Interesting that he assumed I was a food neurotic.

I hate fake food.

What do I mean by fake?  I propose three general categories.  The first is when a facsimile of a particular food is referred to as the same name as the real McCoy.  Take caviar for example.  Traditionally, the term caviar denotes the roe of sturgeon, and more specifically sturgeon from the Caspian Sea.  But you can find sturgeon roe from America, or worse yet, roe from other fish such as salmon or lumpfish, labeled as “caviar.”

Another example is crème fraîche.  Real crème fraîche, as made in France, is unpasteurized cream thickened by the action of bacteria naturally found in the cream.  But in germaphobic America, unpasteurized milk products are a no-no, despite the fact that it’s obviously safe to eat, as evidenced by a lack of Frenchmen dropping dead in droves.  Thus in the US, crème fraîche is made with pasteurized cream and thickened by adding buttermilk or sour cream.

The wine world is replete with these misidentifications.  Champagne, Burgundy, and Chablis (from France), Port, (from Portugal) and Chianti, (from Italy), all refer to wines whose grapes and production methods are reflective of a specific geographic location.  There are no Italian Champagnes, American Chiantis or Australian ports, not real ones anyway, but there are wines labeling themselves as such.

This is not about snobbery.  It’s about the character and qualities of the product in question.  In a word it’s about taste.  The same biological product cultivated in two discrepant parts of the world will produce different flavor profiles.  The fact that there is a difference is indisputable.  Which tastes better is where contrary opinions emerge.

I could take the politically correct route and tell you that there’s no right or wrong, it’s all based on your own palate, go forth and revel in your subjective self-validation.  But I’m not!  I’ve had Russian and American caviar and the American isn’t as good.  I’ve eaten crème fraîche in France and it’s clearly superior to the sanitized American version.  And don’t even get me started on real Port from the Douro Valley of Portugal compared to those cheap jugs of Australian or American “port.”

Missing Ingredients

The second type of fake food is any product that has had any of its key ingredients reduced or eliminated:  decaffeinated coffee, light beer, low-fat mayonnaise, diet soda, you get the picture.  I find light beer most perplexing.  There’s not a huge difference in calories between real beer and light beer.  You’re already consuming alcohol and empty calories.  So for God sakes, just have a beer.

Phonie Baloney

fake_crab

The last category of fake food is the most egregious:  blatantly ersatz phonies such as artificial sweetener, imitation crab meat, margarine, non dairy creamer, and salt substitutes.  (Some salt substitutes are 100% potassium chloride, as opposed to mixtures of real salt and potassium chloride which are “category 2” fakes).  These products are an affront to everything I hold gastronomically holy.

Fake foods are routinely endorsed by those who have hang-ups about the substance in question or harbor dubious health fears.  I’m excluding of course diabetics, individuals with food allergies, or those who suffer from other genuine medical conditions.  Those are all a different story.  What I’m alluding to is the relentless, usually spurious, and frequently exaggerated paranoia about salt, sugar, carbs, fat, red meat, calories, and whatever other substance the latest food propagandists are alleging will cause cancer, environmental damage, immortal sin, political outrage and general Armageddon.

As a chef and unabashed hedonist, I champion the glories of food and not the shackles of deprivation.  As I’ve written many times before, food goes well beyond the momentary physical pleasure.  Not to minimize that pleasure but that’s only the tip of the iceberg.

Relishing in satisfying, real food, is about savoring life.  It’s about taking a much needed respite in the middle of a hectic day.  It’s about connecting with friends.  It’s about nurturing your family.  It’s about sharing a romantic interlude with your partner.  It’s about celebrating life’s most treasured moments.  Food and drink are about, or should be about, embracing and enjoying life.  Food should feed our souls as much as our bodies.  Personally I look forward to every meal, every day.

Last Friday night my wife and I had a wonderful dinner at an Italian restaurant with two of our closest friends.  We had a delicious meal, a good bottle of wine, (actually a little more than one good bottle), and chatted about all sorts of things.  It was a relaxing evening and it gave me something to look forward to all day.  These are the moments of my life I will fondly remember, not the bagel with low-fat cream cheese and rank decaf coffee.

Now take the food neurotic.  They dread each and every meal.  For them, every food encounter is an opportunity to gain weight, erode their health, or consume something morally or politically prohibited.  Every impending meal begins a cycle of rumination about fat, calories, animal products, heart disease, and a myriad of other anxieties.

For them food is something fraught with peril that must be managed and negotiated.  My Friday night dinner with friends would have been tortuous for the fake-food-fanciers.  They would have agonized over the politically incorrect veal, the saturated fat in the cheese, and the sodium content of the sauce.

They would have struggled with or eschewed the sweet dessert.  They would have felt guilty about the calorie and alcohol consumption.  The next week they would have deprived themselves to make up for the “indulgence.” As for myself, it’s a week later and I’m still basking in the glow of the evening.  You tell me who has a better quality of life.

In closing I must admit that you can sell me on the idea of moderation.  But as Julia Child once said:  “Everything in moderation, including moderation.”  And always remember…………..keep it real.

Chef Mark R. Vogel
FoodForThought.com


Taleggio Porter Fondue Recipe

February 11th, 2010 by Jenni Field in Sauce Recipes

Perfect for Dipping Soft Pretzels

taleggio_cheese_fondue

This cheesy dipping sauce is thick and rich and very flavorful.  I know it looks like a lot of ingredients, but it is basically a flavored mornay sauce (bechamel sauce with cheese), just like you’d make for macaroni and cheese. A perfect dipping sauce for Chef Jenni’s homemade best soft pretzels ever.

Ingredients

1 oz. butter
½ oz. flour
1 teaspoon mustard powder
1 tablespoon grain mustard
Salt and white pepper, to taste
1 cup heavy cream
1 cup half and half (½ milk - ½ cream)
Two ounces Taleggio cheese, cut into small cubes
1 ounce freshly grated Parmesan cheese
1 cup good quality porter (beer)

Put the porter in a sauce pan and reduce over medium to medium-low heat by half.  Don’t let it boil rapidly, as this could make the porter taste bitter.  Set aside.

Heat a sauce pan over medium heat.  Add the butter.

When butter is melted and bubbling, whisk in the flour, mustard powder, grain mustard, salt and pepper.  Cook for two minutes.

Add the cream and half and half (if you want a little less fat, by all means use  2 cups of whole milk.  Just know that your final sauce won’t be quite as thick).

Bring to a boil, whisking well.  Boil gently for ten minutes.  Add the porter and whisk.

Off the heat, stir in the Taleggio and Parmesan until melted and smooth.  Taste and adjust seasonings as necessary.

Serve warm as a dipping sauce for the pretzels.  This sauce will keep in the refrigerator for three-four days.

Variations

You could certainly substitute a nice ale for the porter and use cheddar cheese instead of Taleggio and Parmesan.

I know you’ll love the pretzels, and I encourage you to try this sauce.  It might not be exactly what you’re used to, but it is excellent.  Enjoy!

chef_jenni_field_sm

Chef Jenni Field
Contributing Writer

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